Everything about Peace Of Cateau-cambr Sis totally explained
The
Italian War of 1551 (
1551–
1559), sometimes known as the
Habsburg-Valois War, began when
Henry II of France, who had succeeded
Francis I to the throne, declared war against
Charles V with the intent of recapturing
Italy and ensuring
French, rather than
Habsburg, domination of European affairs. An early offensive into
Lorraine was successful, with Henry capturing the three episcopal cities of
Metz,
Toul, and
Verdun, but the French invasion of
Tuscany in
1553, in support of
Siena attacked by an imperial‐Tuscany army, was defeated at the
Battle of Marciano by
Gian Giacomo Medici. Siena fell in 1555 and eventually became part of the
Grand Duchy of Tuscany founded by
Cosimo I de' Medici.
The Treaty of Vaucelles was signed on
February 5,
1556 between Philip II of Spain and Henry II of France. Based on the terms of the treaty, the territory of
Franche-Comté was relinquished to Philip. However, the treaty was broken shortly afterwards.
After Charles' abdication in 1556 split the Habsburg empire between
Phillip II of Spain and
Ferdinand I, the focus of the war shifted to
Flanders, where Phillip, in conjunction with
Emmanuel Philibert of
Savoy, defeated the French at
St. Quentin. England's entry into the war later that year led to the French capture of
Calais, and French armies plundered Spanish possessions in the
Low Countries. Nonetheless, Henry was forced to accept a peace agreement in which he renounced any further claims to Italy.
Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)
The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis was signed between
Elizabeth I of England and
Henry II of France on
April 2 and between Henry II and
Philip II of Spain on
April 3,
1559, at
Le Cateau-Cambrésis, around twenty kilometers south-east of
Cambrai. Under its terms, France restored
Piedmont and
Savoy to the Duke of Savoy, and
Corsica to the
Republic of Genoa, but retained
Saluzzo,
Calais and the bishoprics of
Metz,
Toul, and
Verdun. Spain retained
Franche-Comté, but, more importantly, the treaty confirmed its almost complete influence over Italy, both directly (through control of
Milan,
Naples,
Sicily,
Sardinia, and the
State of Presidi) and indirectly (through dominance of the rulers of Tuscany, Genoa, and other minor states of northern Italy). The Pope was also their natural ally. The only truly independent entities on the Italian peninsula were Savoy and the
Republic of Venice. Spanish control of Italy lasted until the early eighteenth century.
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of
Savoy married
Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry, the sister of
Henry II of France. Henry II of France died during a
tournament when a sliver from the shattered lance of
Gabriel Montgomery, captain of the Scottish Guard, pierced his eye and entered his brain.
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